ShalinIndiaArt

Indian Dyeing and Painting on Fabric

Indian dyeing techniques are world famous and have endured and developed through the centuries. A popular style of Gujarat is the bandhani which is made by a traditional resist dyeing technique of tie and dye. Bandhani is produced in shocking colours; inspiration for combinations is drawn from nature, so red and yellow from the mango, or purple and green from the aubergine are interspersed with irregular dots, squares or triangles that result from tie and dye process. Dyeing selectively waxed cloth- originally a javanese technique produces some of the finest batik in the world, and this is used for clothes and soft furnishings. All the artisans involved in the dyeing and painting of cloth flourished untill the end of the nineteenth century when synthetic madder and indigo, which were more lasting than their natural counterparts, were discovered in Europe and machines that mass produced fabric were introduced into India. Before this beautiful handmade fabrics had been used regularly to furnish palaces and royal tents and Indian kings and princes exchanged gifts of exquisite cloth to honour each other.

Wall Paintings Designs Pictures in India

In the villages of Rajasthan the array of painted homes gives the whole village the appearance of an elaborate art gallery: peacocks dance on walls, gods and goddesses frolic and flowers bloom in the bountiful vigour of spring. Shekhawati is especially celebrated for its havelis painted with powerful elephants, graceful horses and palanquins cerrying beautiful damsels.

The warli tribe of Maharashtra decorate their huts with stark white images on matt terracotta walls. Representations of trees, birds and people going about their daily task crowd the canvas in a naive geometric style. Warli Paintings are now available as small wall hangings, plaques or even on trays and table linen, and trible art has caught the fancy of people doing up their homes in India's middle class, urban sector.

In the south wall paintings are drawn on plaster, a technique evident in the region's many temples. The various tribes of the north-east paint pictures on their walls for different reasons. The Monpas follow Buddhism and draw Buddhist images on wooden panels. The Santhals use wall paintings purely as decoration; the Saoras draw a pantheon of gods, celestial beings and ghosts to flatter them and keep them happy. Madhubani in Bihar is famous for its naive frescoes of people, animals, birds and trees in compelling pinks and yellows. In Orissa, Lord Jagannath, a local form of the god Krishna- takes pride of place in wall paintings.

Warli Paintings - The Tribal Art from India

Amongst the many tribal art traditions of India, Warli Art stands out for its fine lines, texture, and scenes from the Indian countryside. The Warli painters are from Maharashtra, in western India.  Their white line paintings with simple, direct figures have a close link to the cave paintings of their ancestors. For example, there are paintings in Ajanta and Ellora from many centuries ago.

For the Warli painters who execute these masterpieces, daily life still involves the rigors of subsistence farming in the foothills of the Sahyadri range in the district of Thane. Working in the fields with the village in the background, their art is a reflection of the simple beauty of their agrarian lives.

Each tribe or community in India has a special deity whom they hold dear. Though they believe in polytheistic religion, one god or goddess usually holds pride of place as the protector of the community. For the Warlis, the main goddess is Palghat, who oversees the bounty of nature. She is responsible for fertility of mankind as well and therefore invoked at the time of marriage.
Given their agrarian lifestyle, and spiritual beliefs, Warli paintings depict scenes from their everyday worlds. Scenes from nature, farming activities, and jungle lore are a source of inspiration for these tribal painters. Each painting has exquisite details of the trees, animals, and people of the countryside.

Some of the most dramatic of these linear rice paste paintings are actually inside the huts of the Warlis. They dwell in square windowless huts made of wood, straw and mud. These dull and dreary brown huts are brightened up by the contrast of exquisite white line paintings.

Today, Warli painters continue to pursue their traditional artwork, despite their exposure to modern, urbanized lifestyles. Their humble and reserved outlook allows them to focus on their beautiful paintings, while also drawing on the benefits of new income opportunities that have opened up to them due to the expanding Indian economy.

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The Four Noble Truths in Buddhism

The most important teaching of the Buddha is the four noble truths. This was the first sermon that the Buddha preached after his enlightenment. The first noble truth is that life is frustrating and painful. Sometimes it is downright miserable! Look around and see other people also in the most appalling conditions: children starving, terrorism, hatred, wars, intolerance, people being tortured. Pain and suffering are all pervasive.

The second noble truth is that suffering has a cause. We suffer because we are constantly struggling to survive and prove our existence. The harder we struggle to establish ourselves and our relationships, the more painful our experience becomes.

The third noble truth is that the cause of suffering can be ended. Our effort to prove ourselves and solidify our relationships is unnecessary. Buddha teaches us to be simple, straight-forward people. We do this by abandoning our expectations about how we think things should be.

The fourth noble truth concerns the path to end this suffering. The way is through meditation. Meditation, here, means mindfulness and awareness. Being mindful of all the things that we torture ourselves with, we can end the suffering. Out of our mindfulness we develop an awareness of the way things really are.

Hanuman Statue, Hanuman Monkey God, Hindu God Hanuman

Accounts of Hanuman’s birth and parentage in the Ramayana, Skanda Purana, Bhavishyottara Purana, Brahmananda Purana and some other texts are almost identical. The myth in the Brahmananda Purana begins with Anjana’s father Kesari, a demon. 

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The childless Kesari underwent rigorous penance for a son. Pleased by it Shiva appeared and asked him to name anything he wanted. Kesari asked him to grant him a son who was unparalleled on warfront and in might, wisdom and steadfastness. Shiva showed his inability for Providence had not allowed him a son. He, however, granted him a daughter who would bear a mighty son. In due course his wife bore a girl with exceptional beauty. Kesari named her Anjana. When fully grown, she was married to a mighty monkey, also named Kesari. For quite long they had no child. One day, Dharma, god of Righteousness, disguised as a low-born woman adept in astrology, came to their place. She told Anjana that if she performed penance for seven thousand years on mount Venkatachala, she would have a mighty son. She underwent seven thousand years long penance. Afterwards she bore a son with no one like him in valor, wisdom and might.

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Hanuman, the redeemer, is hence more widely worshipped and has a larger number of shrines dedicated to him than even Rama, his master. Hanuman’s power to redeem is not a mere theological conceptualisation or a believer’s hypothesis, his life, as it reveals in different sources, is its example. In Rama-katha – story of Rama’s life, which is broadly also the story of Hanuman’s life, this emissary and servant of Rama often rises above his master at least in the face of a crisis.

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Some other texts also allude to Anjana’s journey to Venkatachala for a son but on the advice of sage Matanga, not Dharma. Sage Matanga saw Anjana engaged in rigorous austerities at mount Kishkindha. He asked her the object of her penance. A sad Anjana revealed her heart and entreated the holy saint to tell how she would get a son. Sage Matanga advised her to go to Venkatachala. There she should first worship Venkateshvara and then take a holy dip at the sacred Akashaganga and drink a handful of its water. So purified she should stand and pray the wind-god who would bless her with a son invincible against men, gods and demons. Anjana did as advised. When she was engaged in rigorous penance, the wind-god appeared. She asked him for a son as mighty as him. The wind-god thereupon assured her that he himself would be born to her as her son. Thus, Anjana’s son was born by wind-god and was himself the wind-god. Hanuman is hence lauded as both Maruti and Maruti-nandana.

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Creation Of Goddess Durga

Goddess Durga represents a united front of all Divine forces against the negative forces of evil and wickedness. The gods in heaven decided to create an all-powerful being to kill the demon king Mahishasur who was ready to attack them.

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At that very moment a stream of lightning dazzled forth from the mouths of Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh and it turned into a beautiful, magnificent woman with ten hands. Then all the gods furnished her with their special weapons. The image of Durga, the Eternal Mother destroying the demon, Mahishasur is symbolic of the final confrontation of the spiritual urge of man with his baser passions.

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As per our great epic Mahabharat, Pandavas after wandering in the forest for 12 years, hung their weapons on a Shami tree before entering the court of king Virat to spend the last one year in disguise. After the completion of that year on Vijayadashmi the day of Dassera they brought down the weapons from the Shami tree and declared their true identity. Since that day the exchange of Shami leaves on Dassera day became symbols of good, will and victory.

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This festival has immense mythological significance. As per Ramayan, Ram did "chandi-puja and invoked the blessings of Durga to kill Ravana, the ten-headed king of Lanka who had abducted Seeta and had charmed life. Durga divulged the secret to Ram how he could kill Ravana. Then after vanquishing him, Ram with Seeta and Laxman returned victorious to his kingdom of Ayodhya on Diwali day.

Kautsa, the young son of Devdatt, insisted on his guru Varatantu to accept "gurudakshina", after finishing his education. After lots of persistence his Guru, finally asked for 14 crore gold coins, one crore for each of the 14 sciences he taught Kautsa. Kautsa went to king Raghuraj, who was known for his genorisity and was an ancestor of Rama. But just at that time he had emptied all his coffers on the Brahmins, after performing the Vishvajit sacrifice. So, the king went to Lord Indra and asked for the gold coins. Indra summoned Kuber, the god of wealth. Indra told Kuber, "Make a rain of gold coins fall on the "shanu" and "apati" trees round Raghuraja's city of Ayodhya." The rain of coins began to fall. The king Raghu gave all the coins to Kautsa, who gave 14 crores gold coins to his guru. The remaining coins were lavishly distributed to the people of Ayodhya city. This happened on the day of Dussehra. In remembrance of this event the custom is kept of looting the leaves of the "apati" trees and people present each other these leaves as "sone" (gold).

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Indian Rugs Floor Covering ShalinCraft

Carpets or Rugs are associated with luxury and grandeur and were Introduced to India by the Persian Mughal emperors during the seventeenth century. Rugs were used as prayer mats by the Muslims but were also a valuable commodity, as well as a piece of portable furniture. Kashmir with its verdant valleys has always been ideal for rearing sheep, and produces the finest wool. From here the art spread all over the north, from Punjab to Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.

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Carpets that are geometric in pattern are inspired by Islamic nomadic designs, whereas those that have exuberant curves and spirals steal shapes from flowers, fruits, trellises and other natural elements from the gardens of the Mughal rulers - Islam, of course, does not allow the reproduction of human or animal forms. Most carpets are knotted in wool or silk but cotton is often added for added durability. Each carpet is evaluated by the number of knots per square inch. The greater the number, the more clarity the design will have. A good quality carpet should have between 150 and 300 knots per square inch. Take care when buying an antique carpet. Originally, only vegetable dyes like indigo and walnut were used, so an 'antique' carpet with lilac, smoke gray, rose pink or silver in its design is probably a fake.

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Sri Ganesha - Hindu God of Good Luck & Knowledge

Hindu mythology offers some interesting stories giving reasons for this pre-eminence to Ganesh Ji. One such story is as follows.

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Once when Ganesh Ji's mother, goddess Parvati Ji desired to have bath and have privacy for that purpose, she created Ganesh Ji from her sweat and asked him to keep guard.

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After sometime, Parvati Jis's husband Shiv ji returned but was denied entry by this guard Ganesh Ji since he was not aware of Shiv Ji's identity. This infuriated Shiv Ji who cut-off Ganesh Ji's head. When Parvati Ji arrived on the scene and explained that Ganesh Ji was her off-spring, Shiv Ji felt sorry.

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 He sent his attendants to search for a child's head, a child whose mother should be asleep so that she does not have to go through the torture of separation from her child, a child whose mother should be asleep sot that in such a position and brought it to Shiv Ji, who then transplanted this young elephant's head onto Ganesh Ji's body also arrived on the scene and granted a very special boon in favor of Ganesh Ji, to please Parvati Ji, that Ganesh Ji will henceforth be the first among all gods and will receive top eminence in case of worship.

Bedroom Furnishings Home Decor

According to the Vastu Shastra, it is not lucky to use a broken bed or to place it in the extreme corners of a room. The sensible reasoning behind this is that in an emergency, there should be enough space around the bed to allow a quick escape. For the same reason, the bed should not touch any walls of the room, says the ancient text. And it should be placed so that the person's head points to the south. This is because the Vastu Shastra believes the body act like a magnet. Therefore, if the head was towards the north it would repel against the north pole of the earth, so adversely affecting blood circulation. This, says the Vastu Shastra, will result in disturbed sleep and tension.

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India Religion, Buddhism

The population of Ladakh is predominantly Buddhist and Ladakh has been deeply influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, which follows the Mahayana and Vajrayana schools. In these forms of Buddhism, Buddha is worshipped a deity who has attained Nirvana (freedom from the cycle of birth and death). Various incarnations of Buddha, known as Bodhisattvas, are also worshipped in Gompas in Ladakh.

The mythology of Tibetan Buddhism has many tales of various spirits and demons. These representations of both good and evil qualities are depicted in the form of masks and their stories are enacted as masked dances during the annual festivals of various Gompas in Ladakh.

Dalai Lama: The Buddhists of Ladakh regard His Holiness the Dalai Lama, as their supreme spiritual leader and as living incarnation of Buddha. The present Dalai Lama, who is the 14 Dalai Lama was originally known as Tenzin Gyatso. As a child he was recognized as an incarnation of the previous Dalai Lama, who had passed away in 1933. Tenzing Gyatso was brought to Lhasa and proclaimed the new spiritual leader of the Tibetan people on Feb 22nd 1940.

Due his resistance to the Chinese occupation Tibet, the Dalai Lama became an icon of political as well as spiritual leadership for the Tibetans. The Dalai Lama left Tibet and came to India in March, 1959. Ever since, he has led an international campaign against the Chinese occupation of Tibet. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1989 for his leadership of the struggle for the peaceful liberation of Tibet.

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